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FILLING IN

Accumulation of excess ink on and around the plate surface, especially in regard to small type and halftones. Causes: – Specks of pigment or foreign matter; – Type, design or

PIN HOLING

When printed ink fails to form a complete continuous coverage, evident by the random formation of small holes in the printed area. Causes: – Ink dries on anilox and fails

PICKING

The lifting of any portion of the surface of the substrate or a previously printed colour during the printing impression. Causes: – Ink drying too slow; – Excessive plate to

CURING UV

UV ink fails to cure in the correct place on the press. As UV inks and coatings are exposed to ultraviolet light: Causes: – Direct exposure to sunlight or to

MOIRÉ

Undesirable interference pattern in process printing. Causes: – Improper screen angles; – Anilox screen count too similar to plate screen count. Solutions:  – Screen angles of each colour should be

DOT GAIN

An excessive increase in the size of a halftone dot from film to the printed image. Causes:  -Excessive ink volume; -Excessive plate thickness or plate swelling; -Wrong tape or trapped

WASHBOARDING

A print fault on corrugated substrate characterised by darker lines appearing at the flutes from the uneven surface of the corrugated board. It is caused by the liner as it

SOUR INK/KICK OUT

Some of the ink’s ingredients go out of suspension, causing loss of ink flow with a tendency to curdle. Causes: – Excessive moisture content of ink due to high humidity

GEAR MARKS/BARRINGS

Parallel lines of misprint on the substrate.  Causes: – Gears not meshing together correctly; – Butt-cut dies, sheeter dies and rectangle dies hitting hard against the substrate or anvil sending

HICKEYS/SPOTS

A small, solid print area encircled with a white halo. Causes: – Dust on the substrate transferring to the plate; – Excessive ink tack; – Poor coating on paper. Solutions:  – Clean

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VALUES

Social and ethical implications of running a business

ASSOCIATIONISM

Economic support for the knowledge and protection of mountains. www.scicaixxxottobre.it

CULTURE

Creating business is creating culture. Considering how the knowledge of the Emilian territory is indivisible from that of its manufacturing, industrial, and productive activities, it

DISABILITIES

Periodic financial support for the transportation of disabled people, the elderly, and people in wheelchairs. www.avia-asia.it

DISEASE

Giugni Gian Carlo (mourned president of Giugni Srl) awards the winning team of the football tournament organized by Giugni Srl for the fundraising against leukaemia.

TECHNIQUE

Need-to-know facts for printing professionals

ADHESION

Print can be removed by scratching the surface. Print fails adhesion tape, rub or wrinkle tests. Causes: – Wrong ink used for substrate; – Ink

BLOCKING

An undesired adhesion between touching layers of material caused by moderate pressure and/or temperature change. The extent to which damage to at least one surface

BRITTLENESS

Ink film cracks or breaks on substrate when flexed. Causes:  – Excessive heat or UV exposure level in drying/curing system causing a moisture and plasticizer

CREASING

Creases form in substrate. Causes:  -Baggy substrate; – Web guide not operating or properly set; – Press out of alignment; – Foreign matter on press